The team calculated a "healthy lifestyle score" based on smoking, exercise, weight and diet. Piet van den Brandt, a Professor of epidemiology at Maastricht University who worked on the study, said: "Very few research studies worldwide have analysed the relationship between a combination of lifestyle factors and mortality in this way.
"This study shows that a healthy lifestyle can lead to significant health benefits.
"Furthermore, the effects of a Mediterranean diet were more evident in women than in men.
"Within this diet, nuts, vegetables and alcohol intake had the biggest impact on lower mortality rates."
Barbara Dinsdale, lifestyle manager at Heart Research UK, said: "Eating a Mediterranean diet has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on the body.
"Not only that, these diets are lower in bad cholesterol and are helpful in controlling blood-sugar levels.
"All these benefits, together with other factors such as regular exercise and not smoking, help to keep hearts and arteries healthy and reduce the risk of heart disease."